In simple terms, the energy transition is the gradual shift from non-renewable energy sources—such as petroleum-based fossil fuels—to more sustainable alternatives.

This also entails the decarbonization of operations, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

A just energy transition must primarily take into account sustainability, equality, and inclusion. In other words, the focus is on shifting toward cleaner energy without leaving anyone behind—neither workers nor consumers.

An energy transition that “leaves no one behind” is one that provides energy affordably while ensuring access to quality jobs and fostering local entrepreneurship.

The energy transition is important for securing the energy the world needs in a more sustainable way, while reducing environmental harm. In practice, this involves seeking methods to generate and supply energy with lower greenhouse gas emissions—for example, through biofuels, wind energy, and solar energy.

The first step toward an energy transition is the gradual increase in energy production from renewable sources, such as wind, solar, and biofuels. This, in turn, offers the possibility of generating electricity at a lower cost, which will be crucial for reducing oil consumption.

Although on the decline, oil and gas production will still be necessary to ensure energy security for Brazil and the world in the coming decades.

Responsible oil and gas exploration is compatible with efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop more sustainable products.

There are multiple decarbonization pathways available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including:

1. Adopting new, long-term technologies to restructure existing energy systems.
2. Integrating renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectric, wind, solar, and biomass power.
3. Combating deforestation and the burning of vegetation—activities responsible for a large share of emissions in our country.
4. Supporting and developing environmental projects that preserve ecosystems; these initiatives not only sequester carbon already present in the environment but also protect the biodiversity found there.

Brazil’s main challenge in a just energy transition is to maintain—or increase—the current share of renewable energy sources in a competitive manner.

Demand for oil is expected to decline in the coming decades, but it will continue to play a necessary role in the energy mix. Taking climate change and weather conditions into account is a responsibility that is part of transition policies.

Renewable energy and decarbonization are part of the strategy for an energy transition with lower emissions and greater social inclusion.

Energy poverty refers to a lack of access among households to modern energy services—such as lighting, gas, electricity, and fuels. For example, in Brazil, there are households that still lack modern means for cooking food. As a result, women must collect firewood daily for cooking, spending hours that could otherwise be used for studying, working, or engaging in other activities. Therefore, the energy transition must be a just one: beyond simply incorporating renewable energy sources, it must ensure that energy is made available to everyone at an affordable cost.